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西藏自治区实施《中华人民共和国工会法》办法

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西藏自治区实施《中华人民共和国工会法》办法

西藏自治区人大常委会


西藏自治区第八届人民代表大会常务委员会公告〔2003 〕3号


《西藏自治区实施〈中华人民共和国工会法〉办法》已由2003 年11月19日西藏自治区第八届人民代表大会常务委员会第七次会议通过,现予公布,自2004 年1月1日起施行。

西藏自治区人民代表大会常务委员会

2003 年11月19日


第一章 总则

第一条 根据《中华人民共和国工会法》,结合自治区实际,制定本办法。

第二条 工会是职工自愿结合的工人阶级的群众组织,是中国共产党联系职工群众的桥梁和纽带,是国家政权的重要社会支柱,是职工合法权益的代表者和维护者。职工有参加和组织工会的权利。任何组织和个人不得以其户籍、就业期限、就业形式为由,也不得以解除劳动合同、降低工资、不缴纳社会保险费等为手段,阻挠和限制职工参加和组织工会。

第三条 工会必须遵守和维护宪法、法律和法规,以经济建设为中心,坚持社会主义道路、坚持人民民主专政、坚持中国共产党的领导,坚持马克思列宁主义毛泽东思想,坚持改革开放,以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导,贯彻中央关于新时期西藏工作的指导方针,依照《中国工会章程》独立自主地开展工作。

第四条 维护职工合法权益是工会的基本职责。工会在维护人民总体利益的同时,代表职工的利益,维护职工的合法权益。工会通过平等协商和集体合同、劳动合同、工资集体协商等制度,协调劳动关系,维护职工劳动权益。

工会通过职工代表大会、职工董事和职工监事制度等形式,组织职工参与本单位的民主决策、民主管理和民主监督,保障职工的民主权利。

工会通过参与法律和政策制定,监督企业执行劳动法律、法规,参与劳动争议的处理,维护职工的合法权益。

工会及其工作人员应当认真履行职责,密切联系职工,听取和反映职工的意见和要求,关心职工生活,帮助职工解决困难,全心全意为职工服务。

第五条 工会对职工进行马克思主义祖国观、民族观、宗教观、文化观教育;维护祖国统一、加强民族团结、反对分裂教育;民主法制、公民道德教育;科学、文化、技术教育。提高职工政治思想觉悟和科学文化水平,使职工成为有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的劳动者。

第六条 西藏自治区总工会加强与各省、自治区、直辖市工会组织的联系和交流,发展同各国地方工会组织的平等友好合作关系。

第二章 工会组织

第七条 工会各级组织按照民主集中制的原则建立,上级工会组织领导下级工会组织。

县级以上的地方,建立地方总工会;地区设立工会办事处;各产业、系统视其工作性质设立产业、系统工会;企业、事业单位、机关设立基层工会组织。

企业主要负责人及其近亲属不得作为本级工会委员会成员的人选。

第八条 企业、事业单位、机关有会员二十五人以上的,应当建立基层工会委员会;不足二十五人的,可以单独建立基层工会委员会,也可以由两个以上单位的会员联合建立基层工会委员会,也可以选举组织员一人,组织会员开展活动。女职工人数在十五人以上的应当建立工会女职工委员会,在同级工会领导下开展工作。女职工人数不足十五人的,可以在工会委员会中设女职工委员。

女职工委员会主任由同级工会女主席或女副主席兼任,或者选举相应的女职工代表担任。

第九条 产业、系统工会单独设置,配备专职工作人员。专职工会工作人员编制,由上一级工会和有关部门协商确定。

第十条 企业、事业单位、机关,开业或成立一年内应当建立工会组织。逾期不建立的,上级工会应当每月按全部职工工资总额的百分之二收取工会筹备金,并有权派员到该单位指导职工组建工会,任何组织和个人不得阻挠。

工会筹备金用于所在单位工会组建工作。工会建立后,筹备金剩余部分返还该单位工会。

第十一条 基层工会委员会每届任期三年或者五年,由会员大会或者会员代表大会确定,并报上一级工会备案。任期届满应当及时换届。

第十二条 工会主席、副主席由会员大会或者会员代表大会选举产生,可以连选连任。任期未满的,不得随意调动其工作。确因工作需要调动的,应当事先书面征得本级工会和上一级工会的同意。上一级工会应在接到征求意见书后三十日内做出书面答复,逾期不答复视为同意。工会主席、副主席缺额时应当及时补选,缺额时间最长不得超过六个月。

第十三条 工会会员有权向同级或者上级工会提出撤换或者罢免工会主席、副主席的建议;对三分之一以上工会会员的提议,同级或者上一级工会应当在一个月内组织召开会员大会或者会员代表大会予以讨论。

第十四条 任何组织和个人不得将工会组织及其机构随意撤销、合并或者归属于其他部门。

基层工会组织因所在单位终止、撤销而相应撤销的,应报上一级工会备案。

第十五条 自治区总工会、市(地)工会组织,应当逐步建立健全法律工作部门,配备专职或兼职法律工作人员。

自治区总工会、各市(地)工会组织可以设立职工法律服务机构,为工会组织和职工提供法律援助和法律服务。

第十六条 县级以上地方总工会、地区工会办事处、产业工会可以建立职工技术协会,组织职工开展技术培训、技术协作、技术交流等活动。

第三章 工会的权利和义务

第十七条 企业、事业单位应当建立和完善职工代表大会制度。工会组织职工通过职工代表大会对企业、事业单位开展民主管理和民主监督。

企业负责人应当定期向职工代表大会报告工作,企业制定的工资调整方案、资金分配方案、劳动安全卫生、社会保险等涉及职工切身利益的重要规章制度以及其他需要职工代表大会通过的事项,未经职工代表大会讨论通过不得公布实施。

第十八条 国有企业、事业单位应当建立和完善厂务公开制度。单位除涉及国家法律规定的保密事项和科技、商业秘密之外,其它重大事项都应当向职工公开。工会主席担任厂务公开组织的副职领导。工会作为厂务公开组织的工作机构负责日常工作。

第十九条 县级以上各级人民政府或政府有关部门可以通过与同级地方工会、产业工会、系统工会建立联席会议制度等形式,定期通报重要工作部署以及与工会工作有关的重要行政措施,研究解决工会反映的职工的意见和要求。

第二十条 企业、事业单位违反劳动法律、法规规定,有下列侵犯职工劳动权益情况的,工会应当代表职工与企业、事业单位交涉,要求采取措施予以改正;企业、事业单位应当予以研究处理,并向工会做出书面答复;企业、事业单位拒不改正的,工会可以请求当地人民政府依法作出处理:

(一)克扣职工工资的;

(二)恶意拖欠民工工资的;

(三)不按规定提供劳动安全卫生条件的;

(四)随意延长国家规定劳动时间的;

(五)侵犯女职工和未成年工特殊权益的;

(六)不按规定支付解除、终止劳动合同经济补偿金的;

(七)不依法为职工缴纳社会保险费的;

(八)其他严重侵犯职工合法权益的。

第二十一条 企业、事业单位处分职工,应当将理由提前通知工会。工会认为不适当的,有权提出意见。单位对工会的意见应当认真研究,并做出书面答复。

企业、事业单位单方面解除职工劳动合同,应当在三十日前将理由通知工会。工会认为企业、事业单位违反劳动法律法规和有关合同规定,要求重新研究处理时,企业、事业单位应当研究工会的意见,并将处理结果书面通知工会。

第二十二 条企业发生职工因工伤亡事故和其他严重危害职工健康的事件时,企业应当立即报告劳动等有关部门和同级工会。重大伤亡事故,应当报告自治区总工会。

职工因工伤亡事故和其他严重危害职工健康问题的调查处理,必须有工会参加。工会应当向有关部门提出处理建议,并有权要求追究直接负责的主管人员和有关责任人员的责任。对工会提出的意见,有关部门应当及时研究,给予书面答复。

第二十三条 企业、事业单位发生停工、怠工等突发事件,所在单位工会应当及时向上级工会报告。本单位工会和上级工会代表职工同企业、事业单位或者有关方面协商,反映职工的意见和要求并提出解决意见。对职工的合理要求,企业、事业单位应当予以解决。

工会应当对侵犯职工合法权益的问题及时进行调查,为职工提供帮助。

第二十四条 工会代表职工与企业和实行企业化管理的事业单位进行平等协商、签订集体合同。企业、事业单位违反集体合同,侵犯职工劳动权益的,工会有权依法要求其承担赔偿责任。

上级工会对下级工会在平等协商、签订集体合同的过程中,应当从法律法规、争议协商等方面给予指导和帮助。

第二十五条 县级以上劳动行政部门应当与同级工会、企业方面代表,建立劳动关系三方协商机制,共同研究协商解决下列劳动关系方面的重大问题:

(一)本级政府拟制定或者三方任何一方认为应当制定的协调劳动关系的规章、制度,规范性文件的起草、修改,劳动标准条件的制定、修改;

(二)对《劳动法》、《工会法》及其他协调劳动关系的法律、法规执行情况进行监督检查,解决实施中存在的各种问题;

(三)集体合同和劳动合同制度在本地区推行和完善;

(四)对劳动保护、保障方面的法律、法规和政策执行情况开展联合调查;

(五)职工群体性突发事件的预防和处理;

(六)劳动争议和其他涉及劳动关系方面的问题。

第二十六条 企业、事业单位设立劳动争议调解委员会,劳动争议调解委员会由职工代表、用人单位代表和工会代表组成,办事机构设在工会。劳动争议调解委员会主任由工会主席或者副主席担任。

在县级以上的劳动争议仲裁委员会中,同级工会代表人数不得少于仲裁委员会人数的三分之一,工会首席代表担任仲裁委员会副主任委员。劳动争议仲裁庭中的工会仲裁员不得少于三分之一。

第二十七条 工会有权监督企业、事业单位为职工缴纳社会保险费。工会可以组织职工开展互助补充保险,兴办职工消费合作社,开展为困难职工服务的互助互济活动。工会配合政府职能部门做好困难职工调查、建立档案和解困救济工作。

第二十八条 工会协助企业、事业单位、机关办好职工集体福利事业,组织职工参加疗养、休养活动,开展职工业余文化教育、体育活动,丰富职工文化生活。

第四章 基层工会组织

第二十九条 国有企业、事业单位的工会委员会是职工代表大会的工作机构,负责职工代表大会的日常工作,检查、督促职工代表大会决议的执行。职工代表大会闭会期间,需要解决的重大问题,由企业、事业单位工会委员会召开职工代表会议研究解决,并将研究情况向下一次职工代表大会报告,予以确认。

第三十条 国有独资公司、国有控股公司的董事会、监事会成员中应当有职工代表;其他公司的董事会成员中可以有职工代表,监事会成员中应当有职工代表。

董事会、监事会中的职工代表候选人由工会提出,经职工代表大会选举产生。工会专职负责人作为首选候选人依照法定程序代表职工参加董事会或者监事会。

参加公司董事会或者监事会的职工代表应当定期向工会委员会和职工(代表)大会报告履行职责情况,接受职工的监督。工会应当依法维护董事会、监事会中的职工代表的合法权益。

公司研究决定有关职工工资、福利、安全生产以及劳动保护、劳动保险等涉及职工切身利益的问题,应当事先听取公司工会和职工的意见,并邀请工会或者职工代表列席有关会议。

第三十一条 基层工会非专职的委员参加会议或者工会工作,全年累计不超过三十六个工作日。确因工作需要超过三十六个工作日的,应当征得企业同意,其工资照发,其他待遇不受影响。基层工会的劳动保障法律监督员、劳动保护监督检查员、劳动争议调解员,协商谈判代表,行使职责所占用时间可不计入全年三十六个工作日。

第三十二条 产业、系统工会和企业、实行企业化管理的事业单位的专职工会主席,享受同级单位副职待遇;基层工会专职女职工委员会主任,享受同级工会副职待遇。

第五章 工会的经费和财产

第三十三条 建立工会组织的企业,非财政拨款的事业单位按照上月全部职工工资总额的百分之二于当月十五日前向工会拨缴工会经费。全部职工工资总额的计算,按国家统计部门关于工资总额组成的规定执行。

财政拨款的机关、事业单位的工会经费,由财政部门按工资总额的百分之二列入年度预算。差额拨款的事业单位,非财政拨款的工资部分应当缴纳的工会经费,由单位按前款规定拨缴。

企业、事业单位按规定拨缴的工会经费在税前列支。

第三十四条 企业、事业单位未足额拨缴或逾期不拨缴工会经费的,工会应当及时组织催缴,并按欠缴金额每日加收千分之五的滞纳金。

企业破产,欠缴的工会经费在税前予以清偿。

第三十五条 各级人民政府和企业、事业单位、机关应当为工会办公、开展活动提供必要的场所和设施,并根据工会工作及开展活动情况给予必要的经费补助。

各级人民政府和企业、事业单位、机关拨给工会使用的不动产及各类设施,工会享有占有、使用和收益的权利,任何组织和个人不得侵占、挪用和随意调拨。

第三十六条 工会经费单独建立银行账户,实行独立核算。任何组织、个人不得以任何理由将工会经费作为所在单位财产冻结、查封或用于清偿债务。

工会兴建、购置的房屋、设备、设施等固定资产和工会兴办的企业、事业的财产属工会所有。任何组织、个人不得侵占、挪用和任意调拨。

各级工会应当配备专(兼)职资产管理人员,加强工会资产管理。

第三十七条 工会组织合并,其经费和财产归合并后的工会所有;工会组织分立,其经费和财产按职工人数比例分割;工会组织撤销或者解散,其经费和财产由本级工会在上一级工会的监督下进行清理,在扣除有关费用和清偿债务后的结余部分,交上一级工会。

第三十八条 各级工会的经费审查委员会,应当对同级工会经费的预算、决算、财产管理情况和工会兴办的企业、事业的经济活动情况进行定期审查、监督。上级工会经费审查委员会有权对下级工会及其所属企业、事业的经费收支、经营情况及财产管理进行审查。

工会及其所属企业、事业单位对法人代表、财务分管领导建立年审和离任审计制度。

工会经费的使用应当接受有关监督部门和审计部门的监督。

第三十九条 取得社会团体法人资格的各级工会可以依法兴办企业、事业。工会企业、事业单位实行独立核算、自负盈亏、照章纳税。

工会兴办的企业、事业由工会统一管理,按规定收取管理费,管理费在税前列支。

第六章 法律责任

第四十条 违反本办法规定,阻挠、限制职工依法参加和组织工会,对参加和组织工会的职工给予不平等待遇或者进行打击报复,或者阻挠上级工会帮助、指导职工筹建工会的,由劳动行政部门责令改正;拒不改正的,同级或上级工会有权提请县级以上人民政府处理;以暴力、威胁等手段造成严重后果,构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。

因前款造成损失的,侵权者应当赔偿损失,赔偿范围包括物质损害赔偿和精神损害赔偿。

第四十一条 违反本办法规定,对依法履行职责的工会工作人员无正当理由调动工作岗位,进行打击报复的,由劳动行政部门责令改正,恢复原工作;进行人身伤害,尚未构成犯罪的,由公安机关依照治安管理处罚条例的规定处罚;构成犯罪的依法追究刑事责任;造成损失的,依照本办法第四十条第二款之规定执行。

第四十二条 违反本办法规定,职工因参加工会活动、工会工作人员因履行职责被解除劳动合同的,由劳动行政部门责令改正,恢复原工作,并补发被解除劳动合同期间应得的报酬;职工或工会工作人员因上述原因被解除劳动合同后,本人不愿意继续在原单位工作的,责令按本人在本单位工龄每满一年支付一个月工资的标准支付经济补偿金,同时给予本人年收入二倍的赔偿。

因前款原因职工或工会工作人员仅被扣发工资、奖金的,由劳动行政部门责令补发。

第四十三条 违反本办法规定,有下列情形之一的,由县级以上人民政府限期责令改正,超过期限仍不改正的,对单位或者责任人依法处理:

(一)妨碍工会参与管理国家事务、参政议政、参与民主决策、民主管理、民主监督的;

(二)阻挠工会帮助职工签订劳动合同;阻挠上级工会帮助指导下级工会进行平等协商、签订集体合同和工资谈判的;

(三)阻挠劳动保障法律监督员、劳动保护监督检查员、劳动争议调解员、协商谈判代表行使职责或者不配合、不提供工作方便的;

(四)阻挠工会依法行使调查权,妨碍工会参加安全事故、职工集体上访等情况的调查的;

(五)起草、制定涉及职工切身利益的规章制度、劳动合同文本,不征求工会意见并强制执行的;

(六)拒绝依法为职工缴纳社会保险费的;

(七)其他侵犯工会和职工合法权益的。

第七章 附则

第四十四条 自治区行政区域内及驻内地的所有企业事业单位、机关和其他组织适用本办法。

第四十五条 本办法自2004 年1月1日起施行。



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工业产品质量责任条例(附英文)

国务院


工业产品质量责任条例(附英文)

1986年4月5日,国务院

第一章 总 则
第一条 为了明确工业产品(以下简称产品)质量责任,维护用户和消费者(以下简称用户)的合法权益,保证有计划的商品经济健康发展,促进社会主义现代化建设,特制定本条例。
第二条 产品质量是指国家的有关法规、质量标准以及合同规定的对产品适用、安全和其它特性的要求。产品质量责任是指因产品质量不符合上述要求,给用户造成损失后应承担的责任。
第三条 国家标准化部门负责制定全国统一的国家标准。国家标准应不低于国际标准水平。国家标准可以分级分等。企业主管部门要规定生产企业达到国家标准最高等级的期限。国家物价部门按标准等级,实行按质论价。
第四条 产品的生产、储运、经销企业必须按照本条例的规定,承担产品质量责任。各部门、各地区,特别是企业主管机关必须对产品质量进行管理,监督有关企业坚持质量第一的方针,保证产品质量,承担质量责任;管理和监督不力的也应承坦连带责任。
第五条 质量监督机构、工商行政管理机关必须对产品质量进行监督,维护用户的利益。
第六条 产品的合格证、说明书、优质标志、认证标志等都必须与产品的实际质量水平相一致。产品广告中关于产品质量的说明,必须符合产品的实际质量。
第七条 所有生产、经销企业必须严格执行下列规定:(1)不合格的产品不准出厂和销售;(2)不合格的原材料、零部件不准投料、组装;(3)国家已明令淘汰的产品不准生产和销售;(4)没有产品质量标准、未经质量检验机构检验的产品不准生产和销售;(5)不准弄虚作假、以次充好、伪造商标、假冒名牌。所有生产、经销企业都不得用搭配手段推销产品。

第二章 产品生产企业的质量责任
第八条 产品的生产企业必须保证产品质量符合国家的有关法规、质量标准以及合同规定的要求。产品的生产企业必须建立严密、协调、有效的质量保证体系,要明确规定产品的质量责任。企业必须保证质量检验机构能独立行使监督、检验的职权;严禁对质量检验人员进行打击报复。
第九条 产品出厂,必须符合下列要求:(一)达到本条例第二条规定的质量要求,有检验机构和检验人员签证的产品检验合格证;(二)根据不同特点,有产品名称、规格、型号、成份、含量、重量、用法、生产批号、出厂日期、生产厂家、厂址、产品技术标准编号等文字说明,限时使用的产品应注明失效时间。优质产品必须有标志;(三)实行生产许可证制度的产品,要有许可证编号、批准日期和有效期限;(四)机器、设备、装置、仪表以及耐用消费品,除符合本条(一)、(二)、(三)项要求外,还应有详细的产品使用说明书。内容包括:产品的技术经济参数、使用寿命、使用范围、保证期限、安装方法、维修方法和保存条件、技术保养检修期以及其它有关产品设计参数的有效数据。电器产品,应附有线路图和原理图;(五)包装必须符合国家有关规定和标准。剧毒、危险、易碎、怕压、需防潮、不装倒置的产品,在内外包装上必须有显著的指示标志和储运注意事项。产品包装上必须注明实际重量(净重和毛重);(六)使用商标和分级分等的产品,在产品或包装上应有商标和分级分等标记;(七)符合国家安全、卫生、环境保护和计量等法规的要求。
第十条 达不到国家的有关标准规定等级、仍有使用价值的“处理品”,经企业主管机关批准后,方可降价销售,在产品和包装上必须标出显著的“处理品”字样。违反国家安全、卫生、环境保护、计量等法规要求的产品,必须及时销毁或作必要的技术处理,不得以“处理品”流入市场。不得用“处理品”生产和组装用以销售的产品。
第十一条 在产品保证期限内发现质量不符合第二条要求时,根据不同情况,由产品生产企业对用户和经销企业承坦质量责任:(一)产品的一般零部件、元器件失效,更换后即能恢复使用要求的,应负责按期修复;(二)产品的主要零部件、元器件失效,不能按期修复的,应负责更换合格品;(三)产品因设计、制造等原因造成主要功能不符合第二条要求,用户要求退货的,应负责退还货款;(四)造成经济损失的,还应负责赔偿实际经济损失;(五)由维修服务或经销企业负责产品售后技术服务时,生产企业必须按售后技术服务合同,提供足够的备品、备件和必要的技术支援。

第三章 产品储运企业的质量责任
第十二条 承储、承运、装卸企业必须根据国家有关规定和产品包装上标明的储运要求进行储存、运输和装卸。
第十三条 承储、承运企业在产品入库储存或出库、产品承运或交货时,应按照国家有关规定,严格执行交接验收制度,明确质量责任。确属储存、运输、装卸原因造成产品损伤,承储、承运、装卸企业应分别承担责任,按国家有关规定,赔偿经济损失。

第四章 产品经销企业的质量责任
第十四条 经销企业在进货时,应对产品进行验收,明确产品的质量责任。经销企业出售的产品,必须符合本条例第七条、第九条的规定。
第十五条 经销企业售出的产品在保证期限内发现质量不符合第二条的要求时,应由经销企业负责对用户实行包修、包换、包退、承担赔偿实际经济损失的责任。

第五章 产品质量的监督管理
第十六条 各质量监督机构,按照国家有关规定,单独组织或者会同工商行政管理部门、各行业主管部门、企业主管部门,对产品的生产、储运和经销等各个环节实行经常性的监督抽查,并定期公布抽查产品的质量状况。企业必须如实提供抽查样品,并在检测手段和工作条件方面提供方便。除国家已有规定外,质量监督机构抽查产品,不准向企业收费,以保证监督机构的公正性。质量监督机构所需的技术措施费用和检测费用,按实际需要由国家或地方财政拨款解决。各级经济委员会负责对产品质量监督管理工作进行领导和组织协调。
第十七条 各级行业主管部门和企业主管部门负责本行业产品质量的管理工作,其职责是:在授权范围内,制定或参与制定有关产品质量标准以及有关规章制度,负责产品质量的监督管理,督促企业保证产品质量,完善质量保证系统;组织发放生产许可证。
第十八条 对产品质量实行社会性监督。用户可以向产品生产、储运、经销企业提出质量查询;社团组织可以协助用户参与质量争议的调解、仲裁,支持用户向人民法院起诉。
第十九条 用户按双方协议可以派出代表到生产企业对产品生产过程和产品质量进行现场监督。

第六章 产品质量责任争议的处理
第二十条 因产品质量问题发生争议时,有经济合同的,按《经济合同法》的有关规定执行;没有合同的,争议的任何一方都可提请有关的质量监督机构调解处理,也可向人民法院起诉。
第二十一条 对产品质量的技术检验数据有争议时,当事人或调解、仲裁机构可委托法定的质量检验单位进行仲裁检验,质量检验单位应对提供的仲裁检验数据负责。
第二十二条 除国家另有规定外,质量责任的仲裁请求和起诉,应从当事人知悉或应当知悉权益受损害之日起一年内提出。产品质量责任方愿意承担责任时,不受时效限制。

第七章 罚 则
第二十三条 企业产品质量达不到国家规定的标准,企业主管机关应令其限期整顿。经整顿仍无效者,企业主管机关应令其停产或转产,直至建议有关主管机关撤销生产许可证,吊销营业执照。在整顿期间,企业主管机关视不同情况,可扣发企业负责人和职工的奖金、工资。
第二十四条 生产、经销企业违反本条例规定,有下列行为之一者,由企业主管机关对企业负责人和直接责任者给以行政处分,由工商行政管理机关没收其全部非法收入,并视其情节轻重,处以相当于非法收入的15%至20%的罚款,直至由司法机关追究法律责任。(一)生产、经销掺假产品、冒牌产品,以“处理品”冒充合格品;(二)生产、经销隐匿厂名、厂址的产品;(三)生产、经销没有产品检验合格证的产品;(四)生产、经销国家已明令淘汰的产品;(五)生产、经销国家实行生产许可证制度而到期未取得生产许可证的产品;(六)生产、经销用不合格原材料、零部件生产或组装的产品;(七)生产、经销违反国家安全、卫生、环境保护和计量等法规要求的产品;(八)经销过期失效产品。罚没收入全部上交国家财政。
第二十五条 有质量监督抽查中发现生产和经销企业有第二十四条中列举的行为时,由质量监督机构按第二十四条规定处理。对于不符合本条例第九条第七项规定的,由质量监督机构监督就地销毁或作必要的技术处理,并令生产、经销企业在限期内追回已售出的不合格产品。违反本条例第八条的规定,对质量检验人员进行打击报复的,或质量监督、检验机构工作人员徇私舞弊的,由有关主管机关给予行政处分;情节特别严重的,依法追究刑事责任。
第二十六条 由于产品的质量责任,造成用户人身伤亡,财产损失,触犯刑律的,由司法机关依法追究当事人的刑事责任。
第二十七条 上述处罚,不免除产品质量责任方对用户承担的产品包修、包换、包退、赔偿实际经济损失的责任。

第八章 附 则
第二十八条 有关主管部门可根据本条例的规定,制定实施细则;进出口商品、军用产品及有特殊要求的产品的质量责任可由有关主管部门参照本条例的原则,另行规定。
第二十九条 本条例适用于所有全民、集体所有制企业,个体工商业经营者以及在中国境内的中外合资、合作、外资企业。
第三十条 本条例授权国家经济委员会负责解释。
第三十一条 本条例自一九八六年七月一日起施行。(附英文)

REGULATIONS ON QUALITY RESPONSIBILITY FOR INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
REGULATIONS ON QUALITY RESPONSIBILITY FOR INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
(Promulgated by the State Council on April 5, 1986)

Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
The present Regulations are enacted in order to define the quality
responsibility for industrial products ("products" for short hereinafter),
safeguard the legitimate rights of the customer and consumer ("customer"
for short hereinafter), ensure the healthy development of commodity
economy in a planned way, and promote socialist modernization.
Article 2
"Quality of product" refers to the requirement for the applications,
safety and other properties of the products stipulated in related laws and
regulations, quality standards and contracts.
"Quality responsibility for products" refers to the responsibility that
shall be born due to the product's failure to satisfy the above-mentioned
requirements, which leads to loss on the part of the customer.
Article 3
The national standardization department is responsible for drawing up the
unified national standards. The national standards shall not be lower than
the international standards. National standards may be classified and
graded. The competent authorities responsible for the enterprise shall fix
a time limit for achieving the highest grade of the national standards.
The price department of the Central Government shall fix the prices
according to the grades of standards and implement the principle of "price
according to quality".
Article 4
Those enterprises engaging in the production, storing, transporting and
marketing of the product must, in accordance with the stipulations of the
present Regulations, undertake the quality responsibility for the
products.
The various departments, various localities, especially the competent
authorities for the manufacturer must exercise strict control over the
quality of the products, supervise and see that the manufacturer concerned
abides by the principle of "quality first", with a view to guaranteeing
the quality of product and undertaking quality responsibility. Those
failing to exercise effective control and supervision shall also undertake
liability arising therefrom.
Article 5
Quality-supervision agencies and the industry and commerce administration
departments must keep supervision over the quality of product and protect
the interest of the customer.
Article 6
The quality certificate, manuals, "high-quality" sign and identity sign of
a product must all be in conformity with the actual quality level of the
product. The explanation in the advertisement of the product must conform
to the actual quality of the product.
Article 7
All the manufacturers and the marketing firms must observe strictly the
following rules:
(1) unqualified product is forbidden from being dispatched from the
factory or marketed;
(2) unqualified raw materials and parts and components are not allowed to
be put into production or be used for assembly;
(3) it is forbidden to manufacture the products whose elimination the
State has explicitly ordered;
(4) product without the product-quality standard or without being tested
by the state quality-testing organ is not allowed to be manufactured and
marketed;
(5) it is forbidden to plot frauds, to pass of unqualified product as
qualified, to forge trademarks, or to imitate the famous brand products.
All the manufacturers and marketing firms are not allowed to sell their
products by way of coupling-sale.

Chapter II Quality Responsibility of the Product Manufacturer
Article 8
The manufacturer of the product must make sure that the quality of the
product conforms to the requirements laid down by relevant laws and
regulations, quality standards and stipulations of the contract.
The manufacturer of the product must set up a strict, well-coordinated and
effective quality-guarantee system, with a view to fixing the quality
responsibility for the product in an explicit manner.
The manufacturer must see to it that the quality-inspecting organ can
independently perform its functions of supervision and testing. It is
strictly forbidden to retaliate against the quality inspectors.
Article 9
The product shall not leave the factory unless it satisfies the following
requirements:
(1) achieving the quality requirements stipulated in Article 2 of the
present Regulations, and obtaining the quality certificate of the product
issued by testing organ and testing personnel;
(2) having the written explanation of, according to specific
characteristics, the product's name, size, model, ingredients, the
percentage of the ingredients, weight, direction for applications, lot No.
of production, date of production, name of manufacturer, address of the
manufacturer, and the serial number of the technical specifications of the
said product; explicitly specifying the date of expiry in case of a
product with time limit of efficacy. "High-quality" product must bear the
mark thereof;
(3) having the serial number, date of approval and the term of validity of
the production licence in case of a product manufactured under the
production licence system;
(4) machinery, equipment, devices, apparatus and durable consumer goods,
apart from satisfying the requirements in Items (1), (2) and (3) of this
Article, shall be accompanied with detailed instructions on the use of the
product. The content thereof includes: the product's technical-economic
parameters, service life, range of application, term of guarantee, methods
for installation, methods of maintenance and conditions for storing, term
of technical maintenance and repair, and other effective data concerning
the design parameters of the product. Electric products shall be attached
with the circuit diagram and schematic diagram;
(5) the package must conform to the related state regulations and
standards. As regards the products that are drastically poisonous,
dangerous, fragile, can not be laid on by heavy load, needing protection
against moisture, can not be turned upside down, there must be, on both
the external and interior packing, obvious indication marks and notices
for storing and transportation. On the package of the product, there must
be noted explicitly the actual weights (net and gross);
(6) on the product or the package thereof on which the trademark and
quality classification and grading system is applied, there shall be signs
for the said trademark, classification and grading;
(7) conforming to the requirements of the state laws and regulations
concerning safety, hygiene, protection of environment and measuring.
Article 10
The "substandard" goods that fail to achieve the requirements of the
related state standards, but still have some use value, cannot be marketed
at reduced price until having obtained the approval from the competent
authorities of the manufacturer; and on the package there must be clearly
marked with the words of "substandard goods". Products that fail to meet
the requirements of the state laws and regulations concerning safety,
hygiene and environmental protection and measuring must be destroyed or
undergo necessary technical treatment in good time. They are not allowed
to enter the market in the name of "substandard goods".
"Substandard goods" are not allowed to be used to manufacture or assemble
market-oriented products.
Article 11
Within the guarantee period of the product, in case of the quality found
out of line with the requirements stipulated in Article 2, the
manufacturer shall, according to the following different circumstances,
undertake the quality liability to the customer and marketing firm:
(1) the common part or component loses efficacy and therefore, after being
replaced, the performance can immediately be restored; in this case, the
manufacturer shall be responsible for replacing with qualified parts or
components and for restoring the normal performance;
(2) in case that the main part or competent of the product has lost the
efficacy and cannot be repaired within the set period, the manufacturer
shall be responsible for replacing with qualified products;
(3) in case the major function fails to satisfy the requirements of
Article 2 due to such causes as designing and manufacture, if the customer
requires to return the goods, the manufacturer shall refund;
(4) in case of economic loss caused by the quality faults, the
manufacturer shall also compensate for the actual loss;
(5) if maintenance and repair service or marketing firm responsible for
the aftersale technical service, so required and manufacturer must,
according to the contract of aftersale service, supply sufficient standby
products, spare parts and necessary technical support.

Chapter III Quality Responsibility of Enterprises for Storing or Transporting the Product
Article 12
The enterprises which undertake to store, transport, load or unload the
products must conduct the work of the storing, transportation, loading and
unloading in compliance with the relevant state stipulations and the
storing-transporting requirements indicated on the package of the product.
Article 13
In the course of the product entering the warehouse for storing or leaving
the warehouse, undertaking to transport the product or handing over the
product, the enterprise that stores or transports the product shall
observe the pertinent state stipulations and the storing-trans-system of
handing-over and checking before acceptance, so as to define the quality
responsibility. In case it has been testified that the damage of the
product is due to the cause of storage, transport or loading and
unloading, the enterprises which store, transport or load and unload the
product shall bear their respective liabilities and, according to related
government regulations, compensate for the economic loss.

Chapter IV Quality Responsibility of the Marketing Firm of the Product
Article 14
When laying in a stock of merchandise, the marketing firm shall, before
acceptance, test the product, so that the quality responsibility can be
clearly defined. The products sold by the marketing firm must conform to
the requirements stipulated in Articles 7 and 9 of the present
Regulations.
Article 15
In case the product sold by the marketing firm is found not up to the
conditions stipulated in Article 2 within the period of guarantee, the
marketing firm shall be responsible for guaranteed repairing, replacement,
taking back the product and refunding, and undertaking the responsibility
of compensating for the actual economic loss.

Chapter V Supervision and Control over the Quality of Product
Article 16
The various quality-supervising agencies shall, in accordance with the
relevant regulations of the state, organize independently, or together
with the industry and commerce administrative authorities, the responsible
departments of the various trades, and the responsible departments of the
various manufacturers, regular supervisional sample-checking on the
various links such as manufacture, storing, transportation, and marketing,
and regularly publicize the result of the testing of the samples.
Enterprises must honestly furnish the samples for checking and provide
facilities with respect to the testing means and working conditions.
Unless otherwise stated in state regulations, it is not allowed for the
quality-supervising agencies to collect fees from the enterprises for
sample-checking on the product, so as to guarantee the impartiality of the
supervising agencies. The expenses needed for the technical means and
measures and for the test by the quality-supervising agencies shall be
covered by the state or local financial allocations according to the
actual needs.
The economic commission at various levels are responsible for leadership,
organization and coordination of the supervision and control over product
quality.
Article 17
Responsible departments of the trades and responsible departments for the
enterprises at various levels are responsible for the control over the
quality of products in the respective trades within their authorization,
which covers: formulating or taking part in the formulation of the quality
standards for the products in their respective areas of responsibility and
the pertinent rules and regulations, being responsible for supervision and
control over the quality of products, urging the enterprises to ensure the
quality of product, perfecting the quality guaranteeing system, and
organizing the issuance of production licences.
Article 18
Exercise social supervision over the quality of product. The customer can
make inquiries about the quality of the product at the manufacturer, the
enterprises for storing and transporting, and the marketing firms; and the
social associations and organizations can help the customers participate
in the mediation, arbitration over quality disputes, and support the
customers to file lawsuits with the people's court.
Article 19
The customer can, according to the mutual agreement between the customer
and manufacturer, send his representative to the manufacturer to conduct
on-the-spot-supervision over the process of the production and the quality
of the product.

Chapter VI Settlement of Disputes over Quality Responsibility for the Product
Article 20
Any dispute arising from the quality of product shall, provided there is
an economic contract, observe the relevant stipulations in the Economic
Contract Law. In the absence of such contracts, either party to the
dispute can refer the dispute to a relevant quality-supervising agency for
mediation or settlement, or take the case to the people's court.
Article 21
In case of any dispute over the data of technical testing of the quality
of product, the party concerned or the mediating or arbitrating agencies
can entrust legally designated quality-testing unit for arbitral testing;
and the said quality testing unit shall be responsible for the data of the
arbitral testing.
Article 22
Unless otherwise stipulated by the government, the request for arbitration
or prosecution over quality responsibility shall be raised within one year
from the date the party concerned is aware of or should be aware of his
interest and rights being damaged. Where the party bearing the quality
responsibility for the product is willing to bear the responsibility, it
is not limited by the term of validity.

Chapter VII Penalties
Article 23
Where the product of an enterprise fails to reach the state-stipulated
standards, the competent authoritative department of the said enterprise
shall order the enterprise to rectify production within a fixed period.
Where the said rectification within the fixed period turns out to be of no
effect, the competent authoritative department of the said enterprise
shall order it to stop production or switch over to a new line of
products, or even suggest that the relevant authorities revoke the
production licence and the business licence. In the period of
rectification, the competent authoritative department responsible for the
said enterprise may, according to different circumstances, deduct the
bonus and wages of the executive members of the enterprise and of the
staff and workers.
Article 24
Where the manufacturer or marketing firm has committed one of the
following acts in violation of the stipulations of the present
Regulations, the authoritative department responsible for the enterprise
or firm shall mete out disciplinary punishment to the responsible persons
of the enterprise and to the persons bearing direct responsibility; and
the industry and commerce administrative organ shall confiscate all the
illegal income, and impose on it a fine equivalent to 15% to 20% of the
illegal income according to the degree of seriousness of the case; or even
the legal liabilities shall be fixed by the judicial organs through due
investigation.
1. manufacture or market adulterated product or imitated product, or pass
off "substandard" product as qualified;
2. manufacture or market products without indicating the name and address
of the manufacturer;
3. manufacture or market products without quality certificate;
4. manufacture or market products of which the State has issued explicit
order for their elimination;
5. manufacture or market the products on which the State adopts the system
of production licence, but fails to renew the said production licence
after its expiry;
6. manufacture or market products manufactured or assembled with
unqualified raw materials, parts or components;
7. manufacture or market products in violation of the requirements
stipulated by state laws and regulations concerning safety, hygiene,
environmental protection and measuring;
8. market products which have passed the expiry date.
The incomes collected from fines shall be handed to the state treasury.
Article 25
In the course of sample-check on quality supervision, in case it is found
that the manufacturer or marketing firm has committed the act(s) listed in
Article 24, the quality-supervising agency shall treat the case according
to the stipulation in Article 24. As regards the product not in conformity
to the provision of Item (7) of Article 9 of the present Regulations, the
product shall be destroyed on the spot by the quality-supervising agency
or be given the necessary technical treatment; and the manufacturer and
the marketing firm shall be ordered to recover within the given time all
the substandard products that have already been sold.
In case of violation of the stipulations in Article 8 of the present
Regulations, or retaliation against quality-testing personnel, or the
working personnel in quality-supervising and quality-testing agencies act
wrongly out of personal consideration, the responsible authoritative
department shall mete out disciplinary punishment. As regards those of
extraordinary seriousness, criminal liabilities shall be investigated and
fixed according to law.
Article 26
Where the poor quality of the product has resulted in the injury or death
of the customer, and in his loss of property, hence violating the criminal
code, the judicial organs shall investigate and fix the legal liability of
the party concerned.
Article 27
The above-mentioned penalty does not acquit the party bearing the quality
responsibility of its responsibility for the guaranteed repair,
replacement, recovering the product with the money already paid, and the
compensation for the actual economic loss to the customer(s).

Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions
Article 28
The relevant responsible authorities may, in line with the provisions of
the present Regulations, work out the implementing details. The quality
responsibility regulations for import & export products, for goods with
military application as well as goods for special requirements, the
relevant authorities may, with reference to the principles of the present
Regulations, enact separate specific regulations.
Article 29
The present Regulations apply to all enterprises with ownership by the
whole people, enterprises with ownership by the collective, individual
industrial and commercial operators as well as the Chinese-foreign equity
joint ventures, contractual joint ventures, and foreign-capital
enterprises.
Article 30
The State Economic Commission is authorized to interpret the present
Regulations.
Article 31
The present Regulations shall go into force on July 1st, 1986.


国家税务总局关于经营房地产收入纳税义务发生时间的通知

国家税务总局


国家税务总局关于经营房地产收入纳税义务发生时间的通知
国家税务总局



各省、自治区、直辖市税务局、各计划单列市税务局:
最近,财政部就房地产开发业务收入实现问题以(94)财会二字第02号文件答复深圳市财政局称:“转让、销售土地和商品房,应在土地和商品房已经移交,已将发票帐单提交买主时,作为销售实现”,并将该复函抄送各省、自治区、直辖市和计划单列市税务局,该复函发出后,
不少地区税务机关询问,对于房地产经营征收营业税的纳税义务发生时间,应按营业税暂行条例及其实施细则的规定执行,还是按该复函的规定执行。
经与财政部联系,该复函是仅就房地产经营的会计核算而言的,并不是对房地产经营的营业税纳税义务发生时间作出新的规定。因此,房地产经营的营业税纳税义务发生时间,仍应按营业税暂行条例及其实施细则的有关规定执行。纳税人采取预收款方式转让土地使用权或者销售不动产
的,仍应以收到预收款的当天为纳税义务发生时间。



1994年4月7日

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